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good enough for paul

[reviews]In the Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible and How It Changed a Nation, a Language, and a Culture, by Alister McGrath

Two recent books argue the King James Version’s enduring popularity stems from the literalness of its translation and not from the beauty of its language. I’ve always suspected this was the case, and it has been strangely gratifying to find the argument in print, even years after I benched my KJV in favor of a couple more recent translations written with the benefit of modern scholarship.

In his book In the Beginning, a history of the Bible's English translations, Alister McGrath points out that the translators of the “Authorized Version” chose not to paraphrase Hebrew idioms, but chose instead to translate the idioms word for word. The translators also were “much more likely to retain the Hebrew word order or structure, even when this resulted in a reading that did not sound quite right to English ears at that time.” The KJV translators also often literally translated the New Testament’s Greek where it had been “influenced by Semitic turns of phrase.”

In other words, many of the odd turns of phrase we read in the KJV were just as odd to the English reading public introduced to the version in 1611. Shakespeare’s England was arguably more perplexed by some of the KJV’s phraseology than we may be, since many of the Hebraic idioms and other strict translations have become part of our language due to the KJV’s cultural penetration over the centuries. We are used to expressions such as these coined by the KJV’s attempts at literalness: “fall flat on his face,” “a man after his own heart,” “to pour out one’s heart,” “the land of the living,” “from time to time,” “the skin of my teeth,” “to put words in his mouth,” and “like a lamb to the slaughter.”

McGrath quotes Hebrew scholar John Selden, who was twenty-seven when the KJV was first published and who provided some of the critical disdain initially drawn by the translation:

If I translate a French book into English, I turn it into English phrase and not into French English. “Il fait froid”: I say “it is cold,” not “it makes cold.” But the [King James] Bible is translated into English words rather than English phrases. The Hebraisms are kept and the [Hebrew phrasing] is kept. As for example, “he uncovered her shame,” which is well enough so long as scholars have to do with it, but when it comes among the common people, Lord what gear do they make of it.

[book cover]Selden’s concern for the common man might be justified today not because of the KJV’s attempts at accuracy, but because of its dated language. I recall a sermon or two about a woman’s place as her husband’s “helpmeet,” a word originating from a misreading of the KJV’s “…but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.” What gear the preachers made of it!

Reynolds Price agrees with McGrath that the King James Version must have been strange to the ears of its first public. In his introduction to Three Gospels, Price goes further and argues that the KJV’s strangeness reflects the strangeness of the original Greek New Testament to Greek-speaking Palestine of the first and second centuries. In other words, we think the King James is strange; the Elizabethans thought the King James was strange; and the New Testament gospels’ first readers probably thought the gospels were written in a very strange sort of genre and form of Greek. Our mystification may connect with ancient mystificatoin.

I have rarely felt more connected with the New Testament’s original audience as when I read Price’s claim that total clarity wasn’t part of the picture for the New Testament’s first readers, either. It reminded me of Peter's admission that some of Paul's letters, which Peter was commending to his readers, contained things that were "hard to be understood." It reminded me also of my first Bible instructor’s only half-joking justification for his selected translation: “If it was good enough for Paul, it’s good enough for me.” The guy may have been on to something after all.

Price attributes the KJV’s eventual popularity to its willingness to sound strange for just enough centuries for the confusion over the KJV’s diction and syntax to turn to veneration:

…[w]hile it is customary to say that [the KJV’s] enduring popularity derives from the King James’s sonorous diction and stately syntax – the diction of Shakespeare and Ben Johnson – a close comparison of its language to that of the originals will very often show that the power and memorability of the King James is an almost automatic result of its loyal adherence to principles of literalness and the avoidance of paraphrase. Nearly four centuries of Greekless readers have sensed, unconsciously perhaps but with considerable accuracy, that the very strangeness – the sober exoticism – of the language of the King James is truer to its strange originals than any of its successors.

I’m one of those prescient Greekless readers. I did have something of a hint, though. When I was about thirty, the New American Standard displaced the KJV as my primary translation. The NAS translators put some of what they considered literal translations as margin notes where they believed sticking the literal meaning in the text might prove confusing. Many, if not most, of the NAS’s margin notes turn out to be simply the renderings given by the KJV in its text.

As much as I have enjoyed the King James Version over the years, I find it hard to accept philosophically that its language is as good as it is cracked up to be. I love its language, but then I have been conditioned to do so. Its phrases – and something even of its tone and syntax – are found in a lot of the canon of English literature written between the Restoration and World War I, a period of about two hundred and fifty years during which the KJV had a virtual monopoly on English Bible translation and during which English society, despite the Enlightenment and Darwin and everything else, was overtly Christian. In a sense, I almost can’t pass on the King James Version as literature. It is too close to me.

It is ironic to me that most of the best-known English translations of the Bible to come out in the past hundred years seem to want to displace the King James Version as the best-selling English translation through the clarity and the beauty of their language. This seems to be the opposite strategy of the KJV’s translators, which apparently was to be as literal and as obscure as necessary, and to wait a couple of centuries for the English language to refract around their foreign-sounding idioms.

Of course, even if a new translation adopted such a longsighted strategy, it would hardly enjoy anything like the King James Version’s influence on a brave new English-speaking world, barring the confluence of unlikely historical, cultural, and religious circumstances.


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[flower]

everydayandeverynight.com

There's that story in Talmud about planting a carob tree that will only bear fruit in 70 years, long after the planter is gone. What is the motivation for the planter? Someone now deceased had planted trees for him. He's returning the favor.

Planting this linden required less patience, though certainly some. And just like parenting, there are gratifications at every step in the development. My ten-year old son already hangs off its branches. Our Dog Boaz urinates on it. I lean on it and take photos of it.

[Here's the whole post.]


Shadows and Symbols

We see here a personal connection between God and each of his stars. We see him not just having created them (past tense) but leading and ordering them still (present tense). There is a connection of call and response from him to these great balls of fire in the heavens. And he’s keeping score: he knows where each one is at all times.

This is not the God who can easily be boxed into the many categories and thoughts of humankind. And this is definitely not a boring or mass-marketed Supreme Being. This is the one who demonstrates a fireworks of creativity and artistry.

[Here's the whole post.]

[gravestone]

my gorgeous somewhere

From behind cold tables, men back      out
without words. Beat clean and   purple-black,
they relinquish certain prizes:
panties, condom wrappers
and other residual proofs of   conquest.

[Here's the whole poem.]

[trees]

mole

A student reported that he once said to C.S. Lewis, "the amount of really great poetry is very small." At which Lewis snapped, in some irritation, "The amount that can be read with pleasure and profit is enormous."

I agree. I don't have much patience with the idea of "greatness" in the arts, which I think does more harm than good.

[Here's the whole post.]


Florescence

She wears silk dresses in emerald   and
lapis lazuli spun from the peacock’s   tail.
Sometimes I imagine the threads   tugging,
pulling her back and hold on tight.

[Here's the whole poem.]

[tree]

the cassandra pages

The drive west last week, across Vermont and into New York, was one of the most ethereal and beautiful trips I've ever made over that route. I traveled in silence, in the early morning, alone. The clouds still hung low over the Green Mountains, and a hazy fog persisted in the flatter pastures on the border between the two states south of Lake George - it would burn off later in the morning and expose the extreme heat we've had since. But in those early morning hours, the mountains and farmland were dreamy and quiet and empty as the space in which I was traveling.

[Here's the whole post.]


On the Slow Train

What I had learned was folk etymology--what Wikipedia calls "A commonly held misunderstanding of the origin of a particular word, a false etymology." Folk etymologies are usually more interesting than the actual word origin. Sometimes folk etymologies can unfairly cast a bad light on some perfectly innocent words, such as picnic, or phrases such as rule of thumb. But for the most part, folk etymologies can be a lot of fun.

[Here's the whole post.]

[leaf]

Creature of the Shade

But as soon as I asked it I knew she wouldn't be able to answer. I was looking for something like "north" or "west," but she, despite being a transport management professional, just didn't use such words to organize her sense of a city. She used words like "green building" and "flagpole." She could speak of left and right, but these narrative markers don't help you unless you're already on the right course.

[Here's the whole post.]


not native fruit

I've just begun a new book by Susan Griffin, "Wrestling with the Angel of Democracy." So far, it lives up to Griffin's standards for exquisite reasoning and prose. She leads us through the labyrinth of her own inner experience where it meets the outer world of both history and current events. At certain points of connection with current events I remember feeling exactly what she expresses. I take it that the inference of the book's title is that, just as in the Bible story when Jacob wrestles with the angel of the Lord and will not let him go until the angel blesses him, we must now wrestle with the angel of democracy, and not let him go.

[Here's the whole post.]

[picture]

Everydayandeverynight.com

I'm launching my journal again for 5768/2008.

In this omer journal, I take a Jewish-mythic point-of-view which presumes that I, personally, together with all Jews past, present and future, left Egypt and stood at Mt. Sinai together. This perspective challenges each Jew to join the Jewish experience and not be limited by the actual historical time period in which one lives. This perspective places human imagination at the center of religious engagement.

Our leaving Egypt is only the beginning of our path to liberation. Free from the bonds of Pharaoh, we seek a better, more human life. We begin this journey by the shores of the Nile. We look back in awe at a sea now appearing normal after having miraculously parted. But what now?

[Here's the whole post.]


via negativa

It was my birthday, and I had been given a live shrew in a box — not for a pet, but simply to admire and to photograph. I was a little disappointed at first that I didn’t get any real presents, but the shrew was an admirably fierce little creature who attacked anything thrust in its direction, and I soon appreciated the wisdom of the gesture: loaning me a fully wild creature, something that can never be owned or controlled. The idea that anyone can own anything — it’s such a delusion, isn’t it? But that’s what drives this mania of consumption imperiling the earth.

[Here's the whole post.]

[picture]

Mole

Darling,
The rain you sent was mixed with snow.
I could not tell which between
The snowflakes and the apple blossom
On the black sidewalk; I woke and you were

[Here's the whole poem.]

[Picture]

The Middlewesterner

You see what you see. Don't beat yourself up too badly about it. Tomorrow the sky will be something different, a blue sheerness of petticoat, a shiny muslin, a white gauze.

Metaphor takes you away; it doesn't bring you back. You come back on your own if you get here at all.

[Here's the whole post.]

[Picture]

Lekshe's Mistake

Place
is not substance, not
a point in space,
more a point in time
when the conjunction of mind
and matter create
an experience
that
makes us believe there is a spot
to which we can return.

[Here's the whole poem.]


Marcia Bonta

Dragoo, affectionately referred to as “Skunk Man,” has little or no sense of smell, so as a mephitologist he can easily study and live with skunks. When he wants one for his research, he chases it down, picks it up by its tail, and is liberally sprayed, because, as skunk expert Richard G. Van Gelder discovered back in the 1960s, you can only grab a skunk by the tail and escape being sprayed if you surprise the animal. Otherwise, it is able to evert its anus and expose the nipples from its huge and squishy scent sacs, which are then ready to fire even if you do pick it up by its tail.

[Here's the whole post.]

[child walking]

Dick Jones' Patteran Pages

Your soft clock
scatters seconds like
peas on a drum.

A feather pulse
stutters in your
neck.

[Here's the whole poem.]

[duck photo]

Slow Reader

Aubrey is the guru of the Shelf Monkeys, a secret ‘book club’ to which Thomas gets invited. “Some books are simply a waste of paper, a waste of effort both to write and to read.” The flaming cover of this novel is sufficient clue to the book burnings that ensue, inspired by Fahrenheit 451. Books burnings, by the literate?! Only for books deemed not worthy by the members’ code. “We meet, we debate, we burn. It’s therapy, really.” Things escalate quickly and darkly, Lord of the Flies style, and Thomas is compelled to choose between his loyalties to his friends, literature, ethics, and his sanity.

[Here's the whole post.]


blogroll

Blaugustine
Box Elder
The Cassandra Pages
Crack Skull Bob
Creature of the Shade
Daintee
Dialogues with Silence
Dick Jones's Patteran Pages
Durable Pigments
Empreintes
Everydayandeverynight.com
Feathers of Hope
Florescence
Fragments from Floyd
Frizzy Logic
Heraclitean Fire
Hoarded Ordinaries
In a Dark Time
Irishmutt
Iron Monkey
Ivy Is Here
Lekshe's Mistake
Listening After Dark
Marcia Bonta
Mariachristina
The Middlewesterner
Mole
My Gorgeous Somewhere
9 to 5 Poet
Not Native Fruit
On the Slow Train
Outside the Lines
Paula's House of Toast
Qarrtsiluni
The Rain in My Purse
Sage Said So
Scenes from a Slow-Moving Train
Shadow Cabinet
Shadows and symbols
Simply Wait
Slow Reading
Spoil
Stony Moss
Tasting Rhubarb
3rd House Party
Tumblewords
Two Dishes but to One Table
Under the Fire Star
Velveteen Rabbi
Verbal Privilege
Via Negativa